Bettas are predatory fish by instinct, and in my experience all of mine will hunt down smaller shrimp and eat them. I like to add half a dozen to my tanks every few months, as the tanks are heavily planted and the shrimp have lots of places to hide - therefore, the fish take months to track them all down usually. Sometimes the shrimp even breed in there, and the fish pick off the babies. I just reduce pellet feeding when I notice this happening, and have never had a fish bloat.
I have to say that with the occasional RCS snack my fish have never looked better or been more active, the stimulation of having something to hunt that is a bit challenging really makes a difference to their behaviour and fitness in general. The fish in planted tanks with RCS are all heavily muscled and thicker in the body than those who do not get shrimp, since they actually do more with their bodies than float about looking pretty.
As to concerns about the fish 'choking' - my bettas eat shrimp the length of thier own heads, shell and all, and have never had problems. I don't know anyone who's fish has actually 'choked' and if they did it must have been sheer bad luck. It certainly isn't a common thing.
So, yeah. If you intend to have cute shrimpy pets and can't stand the idea of them being eaten, don't put them in with a predatory fish..
I do have Darwin Algae Shrimp (sort of like ghost shrimp in size) with my wild bettas and after a week of being picked on they are pretty much left alone now.
If I had a less aggressive betta splendens and wanted more permanent shrimpy tank mates, I'd probably go with larger varieties of shrimp like ghosts or the Darwins and see how those went.